Basic Filmmaking Terminology

PTC (Piece to Camera): a PTC is when a speaker looks directly into the camera when reciting their lines. This approach creates a sense of direct communication and engagement with the viewer. PTCs are sometimes filmed at multiple angles or coupled with B-Roll, as a PTC by itself might be too direct. 

B-roll: supplementary footage that is purposefully shot to support the main narrative or to enhance the visual storytelling of a video. Unlike spontaneous or candid footage, B-Roll is often planned and choreographed to ensure it aligns with the video's goals and aesthetics. It is called "B-roll" due to the fact that when used to shooting on 35mm celluloid film, you would shoot the PTC or primary footage on the "A-Roll" side of the film, and leave the secondary shots to the second roll, the "B-roll."

Off-Camera Interview: contrary to the PTC style above, the subject looks slightly off-camera, typically towards an interviewer who is positioned just to the side of the frame. The subject does not address the audience directly but instead talks to the interviewer. Subject testimonials for example aim to convey authenticity by showing the subject in this conversational setting.

Stock footage: footage purchased from a stock library (e.g. Pexels, Artgrid, Getty) that is generic and multi-purpose in use. This can include video footage, as well as stock music and sound effects. It is licensed with specific terms depending on how wide an exposure the film project will receive.

Voiceover: a bespoke voice recording that is scripted, made either professionally by a trained artist, or in the office using a bespoke microphone. Voiceovers can sometimes be taken from existing footage too and used as audio only if appropriate.

Self-filmed: self-filmed content refers to videos created by individuals using personal devices such as smartphones, webcams, or personal cameras. These videos are typically produced without the involvement of a professional team, emphasizing authenticity, spontaneity, and often a more personal touch. 

Teleprompter: screening device coupled with a fixed camera on a tripod that allows a presenter looking at that camera to read lines in a way that feels natural. Often used in news or corporate situations for longer, prepared statements.

Supers / straps / on-screen furniture: generic terms used to designate any superimposed text on a video. This can include lower thirds if placed at the bottom of the screen (e.g. a name strap, a location strap) and branded bugs placed at the top of the screen to reinforce brand association.

Split screen: use of multiple content on screen at same time which gives a feeling of connection across different people and locations. 

Slow motion: when footage is recorded at a high frame rate to allow it to be slowed down for dramatic effect. This works very well in sizzle reels for example. However, it is very difficult to slow down footage that has not been shot for this effect.

Drone footage: well-used drone shots for great landscapes really help drive visual interest from a unique angle. Specific licenses need to be sought out to film using drones, so generally you would purchase drone shots from a stock library rather than shooting them bespoke.

Animated video: animation conveys information clearly using mostly text and icons. It is sometimes coupled with relevant Stock Footage which gives extra weight to the text or general message behind the video, as well as relevant music track and/or voiceover.